Efeito do probiótico lactobacilus casei adjunto a terapia periodontal em modelo experimental de periodontite: uma relação entre periodonto e intestino / Effect of the probiotic lactobacilus casei as an adjunct to periodontal therapy in an experimental model of periodontitis: a relationship between periodontium and intestine

A periodontite é uma condição crônica inflamatória que pode influenciar a microbiota intestinal. O tratamento padrão ouro para a periodontite inclui a raspagem e o alisamento corono-radicular (RACR), porém em casos complexos pode-se utilizar terapias adjuvantes, como os probióticos. A utilização deste tratamento adjuvante poderá contribuir para a melhoria da condição periodontal e a simbiose intestinal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito na inflamação periodontal e intestinal da utilização do Lactobacillus casei (LC) adjunto a RACR em camundongos Balb/c com periodontite, induzida por ligadura. Este estudo é um ensaio pré-clínico, in vivo, randomizado, cego e controlado por placebo, constituído por 36 camundongos Balb/c machos. Os animais foram submetidos a indução da periodontite por colocação de ligadura com fio de seda 4.0 ao redor do segundo molar superior direito, sendo divididos em 4 grupos,o grupo controle: Sem Periodontite e sem RACR (n=8); Grupo Ligadura: Com Periodondite e sem RACR (n=10); Grupo raspagem: Com Periodontite e com RACR (n=10) ; Grupo raspagem + L.casei (n=8): Com Periodontite e com RACR + administração de LC, por gavagem, durante 30 dias. Foram realizadas análises de citocinas pelo método ELISA no tecido gengival (IL-6), intestinal (IL-1ß, IL-6 e IL-10) e sanguíneo (IL-1ß e IL-6), além de análises bioquímicas (TGO, TGP, ureia e creatinina) e contagem diferencial de leucócitos do sangue. Foram coletados fragmentos do intestino grosso desses animais e analisados quanto a biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo (SOD, GSH e MDA), atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) e foi realizada contagem da população de Bactérias Produtoras de Ácido Láctico das fezes dos animais. A utilização do LC adjunto a RACR resultou em uma redução na expressão da IL-6 no tecido gengival de camundogos com Periodontite (p < 0,05). Para as inteleucinas séricas (IL-1ß e IL-6), não houve diferenças entre os grupos (p > 0,05). Já para as citocinas intestinais houve uma redução na expressão de IL-10 (p < 0,05), para os grupos em que foi induzida a Periodontite. Com relação ao estresse oxidativo intestinal os animais do Grupo raspagem e raspagem + LC tiveram uma redução dos níveis de MDA (p < 0,05), para a SOD e o GSH, não houve diferenças significativas entre os 4 grupos pesquisados (p < 0,05). Conclui-se que o uso de LC adjunto a RACR em camungongos com periodontite induzida por ligadura pode reduzir a liberação de IL-6 no tecido gengival. Com relação aos efeitos intestinais foi observada a modulação da resposta inflamatória, com a redução de MDA, nos animais que receberam o tratamento periodontal. E a redução da expressão da IL-10, nos animais com Periodontite (AU).

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that can influence the gut microbiota. The gold standard treatment for periodontitis includes scaling and crown-root planing, but in complex cases adjuvant therapies such as probiotics can be used. The use of this adjuvant treatment may contribute to the improvement of periodontal condition and intestinal symbiosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on periodontal and intestinal inflammation of the use of Lactobacillus casei (LC) adjunct to scaling and root planing (RACR) in Balb/c mice with ligature-induced periodontitis. This study is a preclinical, in vivo, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial consisting of 40 male Balb/c mice. The animals were submitted to periodontitis induction by placing a 4.0 silk suture ligature around the upper right second molar. The sample was divided into 4 groups, each with 10 animals: Group I: Without Periodontitis and without RACR; Group II: With Periodontitis and without RACR; Group III: With Periodontitis and with RACR; Group IV: With Periodontitis and with RACR + gavage of LC, for 30 days. Cytokine analyzes were performed by the ELISA method in gingival tissue (IL-6), intestinal tissue (IL-1ß, IL-6 and IL-10) and blood (IL-1ß and IL-6), the blood was also subjected to analysis biochemical (TGO, TGP, urea and creatinine) and differential leukocyte count. Fragments of the large intestine of these animals were collected and analyzed for biomarkers of oxidative stress (SOD, GSH and MDA), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and the population of Lactic Acid-Producing Bacteria in the animals' feces was counted. The use of LC adjunct to RACR resulted in a reduction in the expression of IL-6 in the gingival tissue of mice with Periodontitis (p < 0.05), for the blood inteleukins (IL-1ß and IL-6), there were no differences between the groups (p > 0.05). As for intestinal cytokines, there was a reduction in the expression of IL-10 (p < 0.05), for the groups that presented Periodontitis. Regarding intestinal oxidative stress, the animals in Groups III and IV had a reduction in MDA levels (p < 0.05), for SOD and GSH, there were no significant differences between the 4 groups studied (p < 0.05 ). It is concluded that the use of LC adjunct to RACR in mice with ligation-induced periodontitis can reduce the release of IL-6 in the gingival tissue. Regarding the intestinal effects, two effects were found: The first related to the modulation of the inflammatory response, with the reduction of MDA, in the animals that received periodontal treatment. And the second related to a pro-inflammatory effect, with the reduction of IL-10 expression (AU).

Niveles de proteína C reactiva, bilirrubina y leucocitos como predictores de evolución anatomopatológica apendicular / Levels of C-reactive Protein, Bilirubin and Leucocytes as Predictors of Anotomopathological Appendicular Evolution

RESUMEN Introducción: La apendicitis aguda es la urgencia quirúrgica más frecuente en cualquier hospital del mundo. Aunque la mayoría de las veces se trata de un proceso intrabdominal banal, en ocasiones presenta una no desdeñable morbilidad y todavía en la época actual. Esta morbimortalidad se asocia, en la mayoría de los casos, a estados avanzados de afección apendicular. Objetivo: Predecir, con la cifra de bilirrubina, la proteína C reactiva y el recuento leucocitario, el estado del proceso apendicular agudo que presentaban los pacientes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo en el que se han incluido aquellos pacientes intervenidos por sospecha de apendicitis aguda durante un periodo de 3 años (2017-2019) que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Se analizó, como datos de laboratorio, la cifra de leucocitos, proteína C reactiva y bilirrubina. Resultados: Se observó un aumento de las cifras de proteína C reactiva y bilirrubina en los casos apendiculares avanzados, al igual que otros autores han evidenciado en la literatura. Así mismo, estos dos valores han resultado ser un factor de riesgo para presentar formas graves. El nivel de leucocitos sin embargo no ha demostrado relacionarse con la gravedad del proceso. Conclusiones: Vemos relevante el uso de los biomarcadores estudiados para predecir la gravedad apendicular con el objetivo de mejorar la asistencia en estos enfermos y disminuir las complicaciones derivadas del retraso terapéutico(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute appendicitis is the most frequent surgical emergency in any hospital worldwide. Although most of the time it is a trivial intraabdominal process, sometimes it presents an unneglectable morbidity. This morbidity and the subsequent mortality are associated, in most cases, with advanced stages of an appendicular disease. Objective: To predict, using the value corresponding to bilirubin, C-reactive protein and leukocyte count, the state of acute appendicular process presented by patients. Methods: A descriptive observational study was carried out, including patients operated on for suspected acute appendicitis during a period of three years (2017-2019) and who met the inclusion criteria. The values for leukocyte count, C-reactive protein, and bilirubin were analyzed as laboratory data. Results: An increase in the values of C-reactive protein and bilirubin levels was observed in advanced appendicular cases, as other authors have shown in the medical literature. Likewise, these two values ​​have turned out to be a risk factor for presenting severe forms. However, the level of leukocytes has not been shown to be related to the severity of the process. Conclusions: We consider the use of the biomarkers studied as relevant to predict appendicular severity in view of improving care of these patients and reducing complications derived from therapeutic delay(AU)

Biomarcadores hematológicos del sapo común Bufo (Rhinella) arenarum en ecosistemas alterados de la provincia de Córdoba / Hematologic biomarkers of the common toad Bufo arenarum in altered ecosystem of Córdoba province

El uso de biomarcadores hematológicos es importante para poder evaluar riesgos ambientales y la exposición a sustancias químicas potencialmente tóxicas y así poder desarrollar medidas que sirvan como señales de alarma temprana en ambientes contaminados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar biomarcadores hematológicos en el sapo común Bufo (Rhinella) arenarum que proporcionen información para el diagnóstico de la salud de distintos ecosistemas de la provincia de Córdoba. Un total de 93 individuos adultos de Bufo (Rhinella) arenarum fueron capturados en cuatro sitios de la provincia de Córdoba y distintas variables ambientales del agua fueron medidas en cada sitio. Las muestras de sangre se obtuvieron mediante la punción de la vena angularis. Luego fueron teñidas con la tinción diferencial May Grünwald-Giemsa y fueron observadas mediante microscopio Zeiss Primo Star iLED para realizar el conteo de glóbulos blancos. Las variables ambientales del agua mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las poblaciones, se registraron valores menores en “Alpa Corral”, mientras que “Villa Dálcar” presentó los mayores valores para dichas variables. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre localidades en el recuento de glóbulos blancos (cada 1000 eritrocitos); sin embargo, en “Villa Dálcar” se registraron los ejemplares con mayor cantidad de leucocitos en el conteo de glóbulos blancos (425,48 ± 481,34). Mientras que para la fórmula leucocitaria, los linfocitos fueron las células más abundantes para los ejemplares de todos los sitios; encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre cada localidad y “Alpa Corral”. Los ejemplares de “Villa Dálcar” presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación a los monocitos y basófilos, registrándose altos valores para ambas células en los ejemplares de este sitio; mientras que en los ejemplares de “Cultivo” las diferencias se encontraron en eosinófilos y la relación neutrófilos/linfocitos. Estos resultados revelaron que de las cuatro localidades analizadas, “Villa Dálcar” representa la más afectada por las actividades antrópicas. Estas variaciones registradas en los parámetros hematológicos podrían considerarse evidencia de la posible presencia de agentes contaminantes en el lago “Villa Dálcar”.

Hematologic biomarkers are important to assess the environmental and health risks of exposure to potentially toxic chemicals, and for developing measures that serve as early warning signals in polluted areas. The aim of this study was to determine hematologic biomarkers of common toad Bufo (Rhinella) arenarum that provide information for the diagnosis of the health of ecosystems of Córdoba province. A total of 93 adult individuals of Bufo (Rhinella) arenarum were collected from four sites of Córdoba Province and hydric environmental variables were measured on each site. Blood samples were obtained by angularis vein puncture, smears of fresh blood were stained with May Grünwald-Giemsa and observed by using a microscope Carl Zeiss Primo Star (Pack 5), for white blood cell count. Water environmental variables showed statistically significant differences among localities, with the lowest values in “Alpa Corral” and highest values in “Villa Dálcar”. There were no statistically significant differences among individuals of different sites for white blood cells count. However, individuals from "Villa Dálcar" showed the highest number of white cells (425.48 ± 481.34). In the leukocyte formula, lymphocytes were most abundant white blood cells in individuals from all study sites. The blood parameters of toads from all sites showed statistically significant differences with individuals from “Alpa Corral”. "Villa Dálcar" Individuals exhibited significant differences in relation to monocytes and basophils with the highest values for both cell types. “Cultivo” locality showed significant differences for eosinophils and for the relationship neutrophils/ lymphocytes. These results revealed that “Villa Dálcar” represent the site most affected by human activities. In particular, changes recorded in hematological parameters could be giving evidence of the possible presence of contaminants in Lake “Villa Dálcar”.

Comparison of the Kato-Katz and Helmintex methods for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in a low-intensity transmission focus in Bandeirantes, Paraná, southern Brazil

The diagnosis of schistosomiasis is problematic in low-intensity transmission areas because parasitological methods lack sensitivity and molecular methods are neither widely available nor extensively validated. Helmintex is a method for isolating eggs from large faecal samples. We report preliminary results of a comparative evaluation of the Helmintex and Kato-Katz (KK) methods for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in a low-intensity transmission area in Bandeirantes, Paraná, southern Brazil. Eggs were detected by both methods in seven patients, whereas only Helmintex yielded positive results in four individuals. The results confirm the previously demonstrated higher sensitivity of the Helmintex method compared with the KK method.

Absolute lymphocyte count as a surrogate marker for CD4 counts after six months of HAART initiation in a resource-limited setting in India.

Background & objectives: Owing to the ever-expanding access to HAART (highly active anti-retroviral therapy) in resource-limited settings, there is a need to evaluate alternate markers like absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) as a surrogate for CD4 counts. This study was done to assess the usefulness of ALC as a surrogate marker for CD4 counts in monitoring HIV-infected patients after HAART initiation. Methods: In this study, 108 HIV-positive adult patients of both sexes fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. CD4 and ALC were recorded at baseline. After initiation on HAART, these patients were followed up at three month intervals. Results: ALC and CD4 counts were positively correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient= 0.553). After six months of HAART, the sensitivity of an ALC increase as a marker for CD4 count increase at six months was 82 per cent, specificity was 100 per cent, PPV was 100 per cent and NPV was 31 per cent. Area under the corresponding ROC curve for CD4 increase of >100 cells/μl was 0. 825 ± 0.053. Interpretation & conclusions: ALC may be a useful surrogate marker in predicting an increase in CD4 counts as a response to HAART, but of questionable value in predicting a decrease in CD4 counts.

Reliable, Accurate Determination of the Leukocyte Differential of Leukopenic Samples by Using Hematoflow Method / 대한진단검사의학회지

BACKGROUND: Hematology analyzers may ineffectively recognize abnormal cells, and manual differential counts may be imprecise for leukopenic samples. We evaluated the efficacy of the Hematoflow method for determining the leukocyte differential in leukopenic samples and compared this method with the manual differential method. METHODS: We selected 249 blood samples from 167 patients with leukopenia (WBC counts, 500-2,000/microL) for analysis in this study. The EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples were analyzed using an automatic blood cell counter (DxH800; Beckman Coulter, USA) and flow cytometry (FC 500; Beckman Coulter) by using Cytodiff reagent and analysis software (Beckman Coulter). Hematoflow results were selected or calculated from DxH800 and Cytodiff results. Two trained pathologists performed a manual differential count by counting 50-100 cells. RESULTS: The precision of the Hematoflow method was superior to that of the manual method in counting 5 leukocyte subpopulations, immature granulocytes (IGs), and blasts. Blasts were detected in all 45 cases (100%) by Hematoflow. The correlation of the Cytodiff blast count to the reference count was high (r = 0.8325). For all other cell populations, the correlation of the Hematoflow results with the reference count was stronger than that of the other manual counts with the reference count. CONCLUSIONS: The Hematoflow differential counting method is more reproducible and sensitive than manual counting, and is relatively easy to perform. In particular, this method detected leukemic blasts more sensitively than manual differential counts. The Hematoflow method is a very useful supplement to automated cell counting.

Reliable, Accurate Determination of the Leukocyte Differential of Leukopenic Samples by Using Hematoflow Method / 대한진단검사의학회지

BACKGROUND: Hematology analyzers may ineffectively recognize abnormal cells, and manual differential counts may be imprecise for leukopenic samples. We evaluated the efficacy of the Hematoflow method for determining the leukocyte differential in leukopenic samples and compared this method with the manual differential method. METHODS: We selected 249 blood samples from 167 patients with leukopenia (WBC counts, 500-2,000/microL) for analysis in this study. The EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples were analyzed using an automatic blood cell counter (DxH800; Beckman Coulter, USA) and flow cytometry (FC 500; Beckman Coulter) by using Cytodiff reagent and analysis software (Beckman Coulter). Hematoflow results were selected or calculated from DxH800 and Cytodiff results. Two trained pathologists performed a manual differential count by counting 50-100 cells. RESULTS: The precision of the Hematoflow method was superior to that of the manual method in counting 5 leukocyte subpopulations, immature granulocytes (IGs), and blasts. Blasts were detected in all 45 cases (100%) by Hematoflow. The correlation of the Cytodiff blast count to the reference count was high (r = 0.8325). For all other cell populations, the correlation of the Hematoflow results with the reference count was stronger than that of the other manual counts with the reference count. CONCLUSIONS: The Hematoflow differential counting method is more reproducible and sensitive than manual counting, and is relatively easy to perform. In particular, this method detected leukemic blasts more sensitively than manual differential counts. The Hematoflow method is a very useful supplement to automated cell counting.

Immunosuppressant effects of leishmania infection in Psammomys obesus trapped in Saudi Arabia

This study was conducted to investigate the immune status of Psammomys obesus [P. obesus] most implicated as a reservoir host of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis [ZCL] in the Al-Ahsa area, Saudi Arabia. Based on the presence of amastigotes in the characteristic lesions and, rodents were divided into two groups. GI was apparently healthy 10 rodents and G2 were infected 10 ones. Reduced leukocyte count, percentage lymphocyte and lysozome activity occurred in infected rodents compared to control ones. The infection significantly reduced the macrophage phagocytic activity reflected by two fold reduction in intravascular carbon clearance compared to control rodents. The results showed that ZCL produced an immunosuppressant effects in P. obesus

Effect of sprulina platensis on the immune response of cultured oreochromis niloticus

The use of microalgae in the field of fish feeding is still operated in a small scale. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of using the microalga Spirulina platensis powder as a feed additive in fish diets. So, we use a total number of 120 apparently healthy Oreochromis niloticus, with average body weight of fish [50 +/- 5g] were obtained from Barseek fish farm at Behera Governorate. The present work was designed to investigate the different immunostimulant effects of Spirulina on some cultured freshwater fish including serum proteins, [Lymphocytes and monocytes] as well as phagocytic activity, index and the level of antibody titer, relative level of protection. For these investigations four experimental diets were carried out by addition of Spirulina platensis powder to balanced fish diet. 1[st] group: fed on 1[st] diet which is formed of fish diet with addition of 2.5% Spirulina platensis powder to it. 2[nd] group: fed on 2[nd] diet which is formed of fish diet with addition of 5% Spirulina platensis powder to it. 3[rd] group: fed on 3[rd] diet which is formed of fish diet with addition of 10% Spirulina platensis powder to it. 4[th] group: fed on 4[th] diet which is formed of fish diet without addition of Spirulina platensis powder to it [Control group]. The most important results of this study include: 1.There was a tendency for the WBCs values had the highest values during addition of Spirulina also there was increasing in lymphocyte and monocytes in groups fed on Spirulina than the control groups. 2. Fish groups supplemented with Spirulina showed increased of phagocytic activity and phagocytic index until the 4[th] weeks from feeding Spirulina. 3. In the present work, the significant increase in albumin, globulin and total protein and increase of albumin/globulin [A/G] ratio in the groups fed on Spirulina than control group 4. The antibody titers in all Spirulina supplemented groups were highor than the control feed on basal diet where ranged between 2 +/- 0.1, 3 +/- 0.1, 4 +/- 0.3 and 4 +/- 0.3 during 1[st], 2[nd], 3[rd] and 4[th] weeks respectively and at the end of the 4[th] week, the antibody titers ranked in groups where the 10% Spirulina supplemented group come in the first rank, followed by 5% Spirulina supplemented group, then 2.5% Spirulina supplemented group while the control group came in the last rank in values. 5. The potency of bacterin was examined by calculating the relative level of protection [RLP]. In this study, we examined the disease resistance in Spirulina - treated tilapia using the tilapia pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila

Relationship between leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood pressure, body mass index, and type 1 diabetes mellitus

Emerging data suggest that diabetes mellitus [DM] [type 1 and type 2] may play a role in the increasing level of leukocyte [WBC] count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]. Because of few prospective studies have addressed this issue, this study examined the relation between DM type 1 and the total, differential leukocyte count, ESR, body mass index [BMI], and systolic blood pressure [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] for 228 participants: 78 men and 150 women have been measured. Among 78 men, there are 21 diabetic [13 below 40 years old] and among 150 female subjects, 33 develop diabetes [18 below 40 years old]. Smoking status has no real effect in the present data. All data were collected from Central Tripoli Hospital and Yefren Hospital. In male but not female DM type 1 showed significant [p<0.05] effect on the total WBC count and the percentages of differential WBC [lymphocytes% and neutrophils%] compared with the normal group. However, BMI and ESR were found to be significantly [p<0.05] effected by DM type 1 in both genders. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that an activation of leukopoiesis may play a role in pathogenesis of DM

Hematobiochemical changes and antioxidant status of heat stressed rabbit bucks and its amelioration using chromium picolinate

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary chromium picolinate on heat stressed NewZeland White rabbit [NZW] bucks. Forty five NZW rabbit bucks were used in this study and divided into 3 equal groups. The first group was kept in an ambient temperature of 18 +/- 0.5 °C and relative humidity [RH] of 62 +/- 0.5% corresponding to the thermo neutral zone of this species and kept as control normal group. While the second and third groups were exposed to heat stress by establishing an ambient temperature of 35.5 +/- 0.5 °C and relative humidity of 68 +/- 0.5% for 5 hours / day for 3 consecutive days. The second group was kept as heat stressed group, while the third group was given a diet supplemented with chromium picolinate 1200 microgram/kg diet. Whole blood and serum samples were collected from all groups just after heat termination, 1, 3 and 7 days post heat stress. The results of this study revealed that heat stress [HS] elicited significant decrease in body weight in addition to significant increase in rectal temperature and respiration rate and significant decrease in body weight. HS produced significant decrease in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total leukocytic count, lymphocytes and monocytes beside significant increase in heterophil and heterophil / lymphocyte ratio. Moreover, HS elicited significant decrease in serum total proteins, albumin and globulin in addition to significant increase in serum urea, creatinine and glucose. Also, HS lead to significant increase in serum Cortisol besides significant decrease in serum thyroid hormones. Regarding the effect of HS on antioxidant status, HS lead to significant increase in serum malondialdehyde [MDA] concentration with significant decrease in serum concentration of antioxidant vitamins [E, C and A] and trace elements [Iron, Zinc, Copper and chromium]. Chromium supplementation restored the abovementioned parameters towards the normal control values. It is concluded that chromium picolinate supplementation 1200 microgram/kg can be considered protective management practice in rabbit diet, alleviating the detrimental effects of HS

Influence of dietary lysine and arginine interrelationship on growth performance, carcass characteristics and immune response in Japanese quail

This study was designed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of extra Lysine [LYS] and/or Arginine [ARG] than normal requirements of Japanese quail chicks and their interaction on growth performance, carcass quality, immune response and nutrient digestibility in Japanese quail. A total of 672 one - day old Japanese quail chicks were used in this study and randomly allotted into equal 16 groups [42 per each] of mixed sex. Group 1 was fed basal diet without supplementation [control]. Quail chicks of groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed on the basal diet supplemented with ARG at 110, 120 and 130% of the NRC [1994] requirement respectively. While quail chicks of groups 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 were fed basal diet supplemented with LYS/ARG at ratios of 110/100, 110/110, 110/120, 110/130, 120/100, 120/110, 120/120, 120/130, 130/100, 130/110, 130/120 and 130/130. From the obtained data it was observed that ARC supplementation without LYS [groups 2, 3 and 4] showed non significant improvement in body weight, weight gain, RGR, FCR when compared with control and also supplementation of LYS alone [groups 5, 9 and 13] showed non significant improvement in the growth performance parameters. While, both ARG and LYS supplementation had no effect on growth rates as showed in quail chicks of groups 15 and 16. There was an improvement of immune response with LYS and/or ARG supplementation as noticed in increased phagocytic activity and HI titer in quail chicks especially in the highest level of ARG supplementation [group, 4]. Regarding serum parameters, there was an increase in serum total protein level in all groups fed on LYS and/or ARG supplemented diets when compared with the control and a significant increase in serum total cholesterol in the groups supplemented with higher levels of LYS alone [groups 5, 9 and 13]. Both LYS and ARG supplemented groups had some variation in concentration of SGPT and SGOT and the highest level was observed in higher supplement level of ARG [group 4], while serum uric acid concentration increased with the level of LYS and/or ARG supplementation. There was a significant increase lymphoid organ in quail chicks of group 4 which fed basal diet supplemented with LYS/ ARG at 100/130 when compared with the control and other supplemented groups. LYS or ARG supplementation had no effect on dressing and liver percent, while both of them improved thigh percent, reduced visible fat accumulation% and improved breast meat percent and LYS is more efficient for increasing breast meat when compared with control. LYS supplementation is more related to increase CP% in breast meat than ARG and higher supplementation of both of amino acids increase CP% in liver and generally that supplement had minor effect on the nutrient digestibility

Study on effect of difloxacin on immune response of chickens vaccinated against Newcastle Disease

Difloxacin is a recent fluoroquinolone antibacterial .The aim of this study to evaluate the effect of difloxacin on the immunity of chickens before and after vaccination with Newcastle disease .Sixty hubberd one day old chicks were divided into 2 equal groups. for 2 experiment the first one contain 2 groups group A was control, group was treated with difloxacine [1 ml/litre of drinking water] for 5 successive days before vaccination two groups vaccinated with lasota at 20 days of age and 2[nd] experiment contain group c vaccinated with lasota at 20 days of age group D was treated with difloxacine [1 ml/litre of drinking water] for 5 successive days after vaccination. The result showed that there was significant decrease in WBCs, lymphocytes and phagocytic assay in the 1st week in group treated before vaccination but in 1st and 2nd week in group treated after vaccination. On the other hand there was significant increase in AST level in group treated before vaccination in addition to this results there was significant increase in uric acid in group treated after vaccination only. Also there were non significant changes in total protein, albumin and globulin. Also there were significant decrease in the weight of thymus and bursa in 1st and 2nd week respectively in group treated with difloxacin before vaccination, but there was significant decrease in the weight of thymus and bursa only in 2nd week in group treated with difloxacin after vaccination. Beside these result there results there was slight decrease in heamagglutination inhibition [HI] to Newcastle disease specially in group treated with difloxacin after vaccination

Evaluation of reagent strips for ascitic fluid leukocyte determination: is it a possible alternative for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis rapid diagnosis?

In order to evaluate the accuracy of a urine reagent dipstick (Multistix 10SG®) to determine ascitic fluid leukocyte count, we prospectively studied 106 cirrhotic patients from April 2003 to December 2004, in two different centers (Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP-EPM and Federal University of Juiz de Fora - HU-UFJF) for the rapid bedside diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The mean age 54 ± 12 years, there was a predominance of males (eighty-two patients, 77 percent), and alcohol was the most frequent etiology (43 percent). Forty-four percent of patients were classified as Child B and fifty-one as Child C (51 percent). Abdominal paracentesis was performed both in outpatient and inpatient settings and the Multistix 10SG® was tested. Eleven cases of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were identified by means of polymorphonuclear count. If we considered the positive Multistix 10SG® result of 3 or more, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were respectively 71 percent, 99 percent, 91 percent and 98 percent. With a positive reagent strip result taken as grade 2 (traces) or more, sensitivity was 86 percent and specificity was 96 percent with positive and negative predictive values of 60 percent and 99 percent, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy was 95 percent. We concluded that the use of a urine reagent dipstick (Multistix 10SG®) could be considered a quick, easy and cheap method for ascitic fluid cellularity determination in SBP diagnosis.

Can we predict the occurrence of mitral regurgitation during percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty?

Mitral regurgitation is a frequent complication of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty. The creation of a new or an increase in preexisting one has been reported in 19 to 85% of patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether we can predict the occurrence of significant mitral regurgitation during percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty with the use of C-reactive protein [CRP], erythrocytic sedimentation rate [ESR] and leucocytic count or not. 20 patients who developed significant mitral regurgitation during percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty [group A] were retrospectively compared to another 20 age- and sex-matched control group [group B] who did not develop mitral regurgitation as regard CRP, ESR and leucocytic count. ESR, CRP and leucocytic count were found to be significantly higher in group A than in group B. Higher levels of ESR, CRP and leucocytosis can predict the occurrence of significant mitral regurgitation in patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty

Calidad de hemocomponentes leucorreducidos: la validación del procedimiento de leucorreducción / Quality of WBC-reduced blood components: validation of leukoreduction process

Las Guías Internacionales y Nacionales regulan la práctica de leucorreducción para garantizar la calidad de los hemocomponentes leucorreducidos. La normativa local establece que el procedimiento deberá estar validado y que el nivel máximo de leucocitos residuales en productos leucorreducidos es 5 x 10 elevado a la 6. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo se analizan los factores críticos que influyen sobre el proceso de leucorreducción y se presentan métodos de recuento de leucocitos residuales, planes de muestreo y análisis estadístico.

Alteraciones del hemograma / Alterations of hemograma related to the accountants of cells

los contadores electrónicos de células, han revolucionado la práctica del laboratorio clínico al permitir obtener valores confiables con excelentes coeficientes de variación; además, de aportar nuevos parámetros que han mejorado el manejo de los trastornos hematológicos. En este módulo, se tienen en cuenta las alteraciones de los eritrocitos, de la hemoglobina, del hematocrito e igualmente se especifican las causas de las anormalidades en el recuento de los glóbulos blancos y las paquetas. A pesar de que esta revolución tecnológica mejoró los índices de confiabilidad de las pruebas, se continúan presentando problemas en los análisis. Por eso la importancia que el médico y el laboratorio estén atentos a minimizar las causas de error que pueden ser origen de tratamientos inadecuados con sus respectivas consecuencias.Palabras clave: hemograma, contador de células, resultados espurios, seudoeritrocitosis, seudoeritrocitopenia, seudomacrocitosis, seudomicrocitosis, seudopolicitemia, falsa disminución de la hemoglobina, seudoleucocitosis, seudoleucopenia, seudotrombocitosis y seudotrombocitopenia.

Influência da parição e do puerpério no leucograma de caprinos (Capra hircus) da raça Saanen, criados no Estado de São Paulo / Influence of parturition and puerperium in the leucogram of Saanen goats (Capra hircus), raised in the State of São Paulo - Brazil

Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da parição e do puerpério no leucograma de caprinos da raça Saanen foram colhidas 360 amostras de sangue de 20 cabras, sendo os resultados apresentados em 18 grupos experimentais: 32, 16,8,4,3,2, 1 e ½ dias antes do parto, imediatamente após aparição, ½, 1,2,3,4,8,16,32 e 64 dias após o parto. Nas amostras de sangue colhidas em frascos contendo EDTA, foram realizadas as seguintes provas: contagem do número total de leucócitos, em câmara de Neubauer modificada, utilizando-se o liquído de Thoma como diluidor e contagem diferencial de leucócitos, efetuada em esfregaços sangüíneos, corados pelo método de Rosenfeld. A avaliação dos resultados obtidos demonstrou que o leucograma sofreu influência da parição e do puerpério, sendo que durante todo o experimento o quadro leucocitário foi predominantemente neutrofilico. Nos últimos três dias de gestação observou-se gradual aumento do número de leucócitos, em decorrência das variações observadas no número de neutrófilos. No momento do parto o leucograma era caracterizado por leucocitose devido à neutrofilia associado a linfopenia. Nas primeiras 24 horas após o parto foi observado a existência de leucocitose por neutrofilia que desapereceu nos dias subseqüentes, passando o quadro leucocitário a assemelhar-se entre o 2° e 64° dia após o parto àquele observado na fase final da gestação.

Evaluación del autoanalizador hematológicos Coulter MAX-M® recuento diferencial leucocitario y alarmas morfológicas en pacientes onco-hematológicos / Evaluation of the coulter MAX-M® leukocyte differential counts and morphology alarms in haematology patients

Los recuentos celulares analizados por equipos hematológicos han sido validados desde hace tiempo por sus buenos resultados comparativos. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar el Recuento Leucocitario Diferencial y las alarmas morfológicas entregadas por el autoanalizador hematológico Coulter MAX-M®. Para esto se emplearon 100 muestras provenientes del servicio de Onco-Hematología del Hospital San Juan de Dios (Santiago, Chile) y se compararon con el Método Óptico Convencional. El Recuento Leucocitario Diferencial realizado por el autoanalizador fue comparable con el método manual, con correlaciones muy buenas para Neutrófilos (R² = 0,893), Linfocitos (R² = 0,847) y Eosinófilos (R² = 0,801). Los Monocitos presentaron una buena correlación por ambos métodos (R² = 0,759), pero los Basófilos no tuvieron asociación lineal entre ambos métodos (R² = 0,06). Las alarmas morfológicas definitivas detectadas por el equipo Coulter MAX-M® discreparon al ser comparadas con el método manual, pero las alarmas morfológicas de sospecha coincidieron con las alteraciones encontradas al microscopio. Un 9,8 por ciento de los Hemogramas tenían algún tipo de alteración morfológica, pero el equipo no las detectó, por lo que aunque este equipo es un instrumento confiable, es necesario que una persona calificada y experimentada revise los frontis sanguíneos de todas las muestras por el método manual, con la finalidad de buscar las alteraciones que el equipo no detecta.

Estudo do método da extração da camada leucoplaquetária na produção de hemocomponentes: avaliação laboratorial / A study of the Buffy-coat extraction method for blood component processing: laboratorial analysis

Dentre os métodos para a obtenção de hemocomponentes destaca-se o método doplasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) e o método da extração da camada leucoplaquetária(ECLP). Este estudo tem por objetivo comparar os métodos do PRP e da ECLP naprodução de hemocomponentes. Foram processadas 88 bolsas de sangue total(ST) pelo método do PRP, 130 bolsas triplas pelo método da ECLP (ECLPT) e 215bolsas coletadas em bolsas quádruplas pelo método da ECLP (ECLPQ) com o usode extrator automático. Encontramos diferença estatisticamente significante na quantidadede Hb total /unidade entre ECLPT e ECLPQ (p=0,005) e entre ECLPT e PRP(p=0,007) no ST. Houve diferença estatisticamente entre ECLPT e ECLPQ(p<0,001) e entre ECLPQ e PRP (p<0,001) para a quantidade de leucócitos. NoCH, encontramos diferença estatisticamente significante entre o método do PRP eECLPT e ECLPQ hematócrito (p<0,001), recuperação de Hb (p<0,001), Hb total(p<0,001), leucócitos (p<0,001), depleção de leucócitos (p<0,001), quantidade deplaquetas (p<0,001) e depleção de plaquetas (p<0,001). Para o concentrado deplaquetas houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre PRP, ECLPT e ECLPQpara o volume, recuperação de plaquetas e depleção de leucócitos (p<0,001). Autilização do método da ECLP é vantajosa qualitativamente, pois os hemocomponentesobtidos apresentam menor quantidade de leucócitos e plasma. Ométodo da ECLP com a utilização de bolsas quádruplas e a produção de CP apartir de uma unidade de CLP é de implantação viável e de fácil padronização,permitindo boa reprodutibilidade, bem como melhor aproveitamento de plasma e plaquetas.

The most commonly used methods for blood componentprocessing are the “plasma rich in platelets method” (PRP),and the Buffy-coat extraction method (BC).The purpose of thisstudy was to compare these two methods in the processing ofblood components. Eighty-eight whole blood units (WB) wereprocessed by the PRP method, 130 blood units were processedby the BC triple blood bag method (BCT) and 215 blood unitswere collected in quadruple blood bags by the BC method (BCQ)using an automatic extractor. A statistically significant differencewas observed in the number in the total Hb per unit of WBbetween the BCT and BCQ methods (p=0.005) and between theBCT and PRP methods (p=0.007). There were also statisticallysignificant differences between the BCT and BCQ methods(p<0.001) and between BCQ and PRP methods (p<0.001) inrelation to leukocytes/mL. In the RBC concentrates, we foundstatistically significant differences between the PRP method andboth the BCT and BCQ methods in respect to hematocrit levels,Hb recovery, total Hb, leukocytes, leukocyte depletion, plateletsand platelet depletion (p<0.001 in all cases). We also foundstatistically significant differences between the PRP, BCT andBCQ methods for the volume, platelet recovery, and leukocytedepletion (p<0.001) in platelet concentrates. The use of theBC method is qualitatively advantageous as the bloodcomponents obtained present a lower quantity of leukocytesand plasma. The BC method with the use of quadruple bloodbags for the production of PC from one BC unit is reliable,easy to standardize, allows good reproducibility, as well as better utilization of plasma and platelets.